The American Experience :: essays research papers fc

The Bomb: â€Å"The hydrogen bomb can’t be done, or if it can be done, it will take too long, or if it can be done and doesn’t take too long, it will require too large a fraction of the nation’s scientific manpower, or if it doesn’t require too large a fraction of the nation’s labor force, it will be too massive to deliver, or if it is deliverable, we oughtn’t to make it.† The ideas had existed since the early 1900’s; the research started in the 1930’s, and by 1938 nuclear fission had been demonstrated experimentally. The possibility that nuclear fission could be used to create weapons of mass destruction was almost immediately evident to scientists. In August of 1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt recommending that the United States begin research on the development of nuclear weapons. Thus, at the height of World War II, President Roosevelt launched a crash program to design and build the atomic bomb. The Soviet Union at the time was struggling economically because of the war and â€Å"physics was not yet a matter of great interest to the powers-that-be.† After witnessing the devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in July of 1945 the priorities of Soviet government changed significantly. Faced with this new atomic threat, Stalin instigated a drastic acceleration of nuclear research with the aim to b uild a bomb of his own. Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich was appointed to lead the Soviet atomic bomb project, and two years later, a second theoretical group was created to â€Å"verif[y] and improve calculations made by Zeldovich’s group.† The second group consisted of Andrei Sakharov, Semyon Belenki, Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, and Yuri Romanov and was led by Igor Tamm. After two months of â€Å"lick[ing] Zeldovich’s anus† Tamm’s group took a turn in a new direction: Sakharov’s â€Å"first idea.† Sakharov’s design was completely different from the â€Å"dead end† that Zeldovich’s team was struggling with. Surprisingly, it is very similar to Edward Teller’s 1947 â€Å"Alarm Clock† design even though Sakharov had had no connections with the West and had come up with his design, which he called the â€Å"Layer Cake,† completely independently of Teller. Stalin maintained a limited amount of trust in the Soviet scientists, and as a form of insurance, when the Soviet Union had obtained documents describing the US design for the atomic bomb he gave orders to build it â€Å"as early as possible.† Scientists at the Installation soon received detailed descriptions of the US bomb, â€Å"Fat Man† and began building it immediately.

Airline Industry Essay

Many people assume flying is a fairly new endeavor. However, although the first few years of the 20th century were a risky time for flying, it did exist. It wasn’t until 1925 that flying became more common. This began when the Air Mail Act took place, which enabled the post master to contract with private airliners to deliver mail, developing the airline industry. Shortly after, the Air Commerce Act gave the Secretary of Commerce power to establish airways, certify aircraft, license pilots, and issue and enforce air traffic regulations (Harris, nd). Within ten years many modern day airliners such as United and American had emerged as great players in this up and coming industry. In 1938 the Civil Aeronautics Act was established creating the Civil Aeronautics Board. This board’s two most significant functions were determining airlines’ routes of travel and regulating prices for passenger fares (Harris, nd). The Federal Aviation Administration was created in 1958 to manager and regulates safety operations and in 1978 the era of unencumbered free market competition would finally take place due to the Airline Deregulation Act. Airliners have come a long way. With special accommodations such as first class, food and beverage available, and often times even radio or television. Often times, it is easy to find a deal for tickets such as packages. Some examples would be round a bout trips, or package deals on hotel rooms, inclusive food, and the trip back home. The Airline Industry Business model can be easily broken down into five models. First, the buyer and second is supplier power in the industry. â€Å"Airbus and Boeing dominate the jetliner market, so it makes it hard for other suppliers to have a lot of power in the industry, â€Å"(â€Å"Airline Economics, p.14, 2010). Different types of Carriers are demanded in the industry, depending on what it is used for. So, a lot of suppliers find it easy to get into the industry thanks to the buyers. â€Å"Competition from low-cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines tends to strengthen buyer power in the airlines market, where United Airlines, for example, has a Mileage Plus scheme (â€Å"Airlines economics†, p.14, 2010). A new entrant is something very hard to accomplish within the airline industry. New entrants can make it hard because, generally, a lot of established airlines hold a monopoly over slots at most airports (â€Å"Airline Economics†, p.14, 2010). Fourth, a good example of the Availability of Substitutes can be said to be boats, trains, or busses. However, in today’s economy with the oil prices sometimes flying wickedly high, it is the best way to travel, and it’s a lot more time saving. The final force is Competitive Rivalry. Highly competitive industries generally earn low returns because the cost of competition is high. With a lot of expenses being high today, different companies need to advertise so they’re not wasting seats. It is important to remember that fundamentally airlines are a service industry. Airlines perform a service for their customers – transporting them and their belongings (or their products, in the case of cargo customers) from one point to another for an agreed price (â€Å"Airlines Economics†, 2012). Airlines vary greatly. From a single aircraft carrying mail or cargo, to a full-service international airline many people depend on airline services. However, it seems that it is the Low Cost Carriers which continue to grow and bring in the crowds. Most of the passenger revenue (nearly 80 percent) comes from domestic travel, while 20 percent comes from travel to and from destinations in other countries (â€Å"Airlines Economics†, 2012). However, it is the frequent flyers, or the people who take more the 10 trips a year, who take up a significant portion of air travel. While they only account for 8% out of the total number of passengers in a given year, they make up 40 % of the trips. Rivalry in the airlines industry is strong, due in part to the sheer size of competitors and the difficulties in exiting the industry (Datamonitor, p. 14, 2011). Because the industry product is so minimal, high sensitivity is essential when considering pricing. Therefore, rivalry increases the more low cost carriers are in the market; these companies are capable of competing more intensely. Rivalry is also intensified where storage costs are high. Storage cost in this industry is equivalent to unsold seats on a flight, similar to unsold inventory in a manufacturing industry (Datamonitor, p. 22, 2011). A lack of diversity in the passengers increases the need for players to use their single core business to compete with. Rivalry in the U.S. airline industry is assessed strong (Datamonitor, p. 23, 2011). Some of the major rivalry in this particular industry would include AMR corporation, Southwest airlines, and United Continental Holdings. Since 1978, the airline industry has seen more than 180 bankruptcies (Alukos, p. 1, 2012). Currently, US Airways Group Inc. has decided to partner with AMR in the midst of their bankruptcies. In doing this, their hope is to minimize the amount of employees being laid off and put more money into creditor’s pockets. American Airlines has been at a competitive disadvantage for many years (Corridore, p. 2, 2012). In the last couple of months pilots retiring have taken its toll, with 240 in September and October 2011. The companies cash balances quickly drained out due to many lump-sum payouts. Oil prices have also taken its toll on airlines, peaking at its all-time high at $147.27 a barrel. Since then, the cost per barrel has receded going down 58% from the record high. However, it is thought to be possible for oil prices to climb, once again, over $100 a barrel over the next year, reflecting the view of Corridore that the oild market has again become more volatile (Corridore, p. 3, 2012). References Airline economics. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.avjobs.com/history/airline-economics.asp (â€Å"Airline economics,† 2012) Harris, A. (n.d.). The history of airline industry. Retrieved from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/history-airline-industry-100074.html Airlines Industry Profile: the United States. (2011). Airlines Industry Profile: United States, 1-42. Corridore, J. (2012, June 28). Standard & poors airlines. Retrieved from http://www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com.ezproxy.ohiodominican.edu/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showIndustrySurvey.do?loadIndSurFromMenu=html Alukos, B. (2012, August 22). We believe southwest is making the right decision by repurchasing its own equity.. Retrieved from http://library.morningstar.com.ezproxy.ohiodominican.edu/stock/stock-analyst-report?t=LUV ®ion=USA&culture=en-US

Framing Decisions Essay

Millhouse on his situation came up with his conclusion upon relying on the structure contained by how the selling was presented to him. No matter how, it is possible that Millhouse had been into a great deal of confusion when he was deciding. It was present in his mind that the company is in need of that supplementary part and is in search of materials that are of good quality. And that this seller has been instinctively conscious of the probable framing Millhouse could have in mind. At the same time, this seller has this skill to do sales talk and persuading a customer was indeed an easy thing on his part. He was capable to handle the situation. A good offer from the salesman was initiated and the selling price was specified: less than 40 cents a day just like the price of a soda. It was presented positively that at the end, the company would be satisfied by a high service utility by just spending likely of only a soda a day. The soda became the entity of assessment and it helped Millhouse comprehend the gains more gamely than the losses. He was also glad that he was not alone to see the benefits of purchasing these goods. He ended up deciding with this framework to buy them because he was swept away by the promises of the benefits presented by the salesman. In looking on the alternative sense, what if Millhouse thought of looking out for better material possible? What if he conducted first price comparison of same material? What if he made calculations in the aggregate expenditure upon purchasing them and rather compares it with the benefits it can give and or with some? The alternative frame could have come up with other results depending on how an individual reacts on a certain presentation of a problem. Factors affecting the alternative framework greatly molds our way of decision making. Also, group decisions may be at variance thoroughly from a one person decision in provisions of endings and/or procedures. So, it states clearly that one can strongly influence the other and by that, moral considerations are being deserted for one’s own good. References Framing. February 05, 2008 retrieved from http://framing. behaviouralfinance. net/

Problems on Campus Essays

Problems on Campus Essays Problems on Campus Essay Problems on Campus Essay Chelsia Bell Professor Arnold English 1301-005 September 25,2012 Better Food, Healthier People Campus advisors, with very simple solutions, can solve the common health problem of bad food choices on the TJC campus. Replacing non-healthy foods in vending machines, serving healthier food in the cafeteria, and offering smaller sizes of soft drinks are all good solutions to this common problem. Everybody loves picking up a quick snack in between classes; however, sometimes the taste can throw us off and make us forget about the real picture. Most of the snacks in the vending machine are very good, but are also very high in calories, carbs, and definitely sugars. While you are enjoying your snack you have no care in the world about what you are putting in your body. If we would all just take a quick second to think about what are eating, I’m sure the amount of obesity among people, not just on campus but everywhere, would drop considerably. Replacing snacks like Reese’s, Kit-Kat, and chocolate bars with healthy snacks like the 100 calorie snacks and crackers, would easily make a significant change. Cafeteria food can sometimes be good and sometimes not so good. Because of budgets, cafeteria food could be minimum quality. They may serve whatever is cheapest at the moment with any concern about providing healthy food. Putting options like salads, baked stuff instead of fried, and serving smaller portions will also cut down on all the health problems on campus. Sometimes even juice instead of a soda can help. If the people in the cafeteria and the people over the food on campus would be more concerned about everybody else’s health, I’m sure the food choices would be a lot better. Healthier food choices equal a healthy person. Small, Medium, or Large are words that we hear most of the time when we order a soft drink. Most of the time the mediums are big enough to share with 2 people. Drinks have just gotten bigger and bigger. Offering the mini sizes of soft drinks in the vending machines would be a very good idea. Sodas are already not good for you in many ways, so the serving that comes in the mini size is plenty for anybody. It is usually difficult for me to drink a whole regular sized soda by myself. Food is always tricky. You just have to make sure you are the eating the right thing at the right time. The bad food choices on the TJC campus can easily be solved with help from supervisors and maybe even some sponsors. Nobody should have to be constantly worried about their health. Putting these better food options on campus can easily ease everyone’s mind.

Character Descriptions How To Write Them (in 3 Steps)

Character Descriptions How To Write Them (in 3 Steps) Character Descriptions: How To Write Them (in 3 Steps) Character descriptions - those key passages that describe what a character actually looks like - are almost as crucial to a written story as the characters themselves. If you’re writing a novel, you’ve probably created an awesome, vivid protagonist in your head: motivated, quirky, maybe even memorably named. But how do you convey all that to a reader without depleting the magic?Writing strong character descriptions actually requires quite a bit of finesse. If you skimp on descriptive passages, you run the risk of leaving your readers with forgettable characters. But if you get too descriptive, you wind up leaving no room for the reader’s own imagination. So what does it take to strike the right balance? We’ll tell you! Here are three cardinal rules on how to write character descriptions without falling off that tightrope. Do you know the three cardinal rules for describing characters? Find out in this guide! 1. Choose your words carefullyWhen writing character descriptions, it’s easy to get ahead of yourself. After all, this is the first time you’re introducing a character you’ve created from the ground up.But just because you know everything about them, doesn’t mean the reader needs to. Character descriptions aren’t about doling out every detail in lavish language - they’re about succinct characterization. Here are a few tips on how to achieve just that.Be descriptive in your languageWe’re talking about character descriptions, after all - it’s quite literally in the name. When describing a character that you see clearly in your mind, it’s easy to simply give a laundry list of attributes: she had black hair, brown eyes, and freckles. But that tells us nothing about the character and is frankly a waste of words.Sure, your protagonist might have brown eyes. But so does half the world’s population! And characterization is all about showing what makes a character unique.Sometimes, this can be done through word choice alone. Take this example from Huckleberry Finn:â€Å"There warn’t no color in his face, where his face showed; it was white; not like another man’s white, but a white to make a body sick, a white to make a body’s flesh crawl – a tree-toad white, a fish-belly white.†From this passage, we clearly understand how Huck’s father looks, as surely as if Twain had simply written, â€Å"He was white.† But through the use of figurative language and excellent word choice, another image sticks in our head: that of a sickly, grotesque drunk. Bonus points for the use of â€Å"tree-toad† and â€Å"fish-belly† - descriptors that match the tone of the adventure novel.Use adjectives sparingly Feel free to stretch the boundaries of what you’re describing and how you’re describing it. Rather than simply pointing out concrete characteristics or actions, feel free to describe abstractions, like this passage from Neil Gaiman’s Neverwhere:â€Å"Mr. Croup likes words, while Mr. Vandemar is always hungry. Also, they look nothing alike.†Or, describe physical characteristics in an abstract way - that is, use similes and metaphors. In A Christmas Carol, Dickens does not describe Scrooge as a Christmas-hating miser. Instead, Scrooge is:â€Å"Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire; secret, and self-contained, and solitary as an oyster.† How did Dickens turn Scrooge into a Christmas-hating miser without ever calling him one? Be biasedWhether you’re describing yourself to a friend or a friend is describing you to someone else, it’s very unlikely either of you would give a painstaking, perfectly objective account.. Biases exist in every aspect of life, so it’s okay to be biased in character descriptions, too.If a first person narrator is describing themselves, they might comment on their own attractiveness, like Humbert Humbert in Lolita:â€Å"I was, and still am, despite mes malheurs, an exceptionally handsome male; slow-moving, tall, with soft dark hair and a gloomy but all the more seductive cast of demeanor.†Or you could have one character describe another, which illuminates the attributes of the latter and the perception of the former. Take, for example, this particularly scathing description of one person by another from Jodi Taylor’s The Nothing Girl:â€Å"The only talents he possessed were delusions of adequacy.†This sentence succinctly describes a not-quit e-self-aware underachiever. But it also illustrates a narrator with a not-so-objective opinion of him.Show, don’t tellYup. The golden rule of writing applies here as well. At the end of the day, no matter what you decide to reveal to your audience, the most important aspect of character descriptions is how you reveal it. Regardless of how special, unique, or honest-to-god awesome your protagonist is, a reader forced to trudge through page after page of intensive description will find any character boring.Instead, think of how we learn things about other people in real life. Very rarely does the color of our eyes or the shape of our nose describe who we are. We don’t tell everything there is to know about each other - we show it, through our expressions, perceptions, actions, preferences, and even our stuff. Apply that same rule to your character descriptions, and your characters (and readers) will thank you for it.Are there any character descriptions that stand out to you? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Issues in Stem Cell - Research Paper Example In body organs such as the gut, bone marrow, stem cells can regularly divide to repair and replace worn out cells (Moore 12). In contemporary biology, Stem cell research is one of the intriguing areas due to the expanding scientific discoveries. This has raised many scientific questions as well as ethical questions (Ethical issues 23). The first ethical issue is that regarding Human embryonic stem research. Human embryonic stem cell research is one field that has generated much concern and public debates. Cells that have the capability of developing into many different cells, also known as pluripotent stem cell lines, are usually isolated from few days old human embryos. The research offers a promise and hopes for new treatments for diseases such as Parkinson’s, diabetes and spinal injury. As new technologies and science advance, so do the ethical viewpoints and political controversies regarding these developments (Report on bioethics 17). This paper will discuss the ethical i ssues associated with Stem cell research as portrayed by various individuals and groups of people. Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research Human cell research is connected to human cloning which is a subject of much debate currently. There is confusion in the public discourse about what an embryo is. This issue has been very critical in defining when human life starts. There are several attitudes arising from different religious groups and varying interpretations of philosophical philosophies. There are arguments in determining the rights and privileges that an embryo in early human life has. According to some people, an embryo is a living being whether it has developed human features or not. These people are therefore against destruction of embryos while retrieving stem cells. This is ethically unacceptable to their faith, but to other people, it is no big deal (Guinn 154). Those that are against human stem cell research believe that life begins after conception, at the zygote stage w hile those in favor of this kind of research acknowledge that life does not begin until a later stage of embryo development. The people supporting this research argue that the benefits to the community outweigh the apprehension for the young embryos. The Roman Catholic is one of the religions that raise questions about the destruction of the embryos. It declared that human life begins after fertilization and ends in natural death. The Greek Orthodox also follows this view and agrees that embryos are human beings. To them, taking the embryo and removing the inner cell mass is regarded as murder (Guinn 158). Protestants, Jews and Muslims support the view that life starts between fourteen and forty weeks after conception. The UK Human Fertilization and Embryology Act define this as the streak stage where further research on the embryo is not permitted. This issue is often debated on as some regard is as immoral while others think it is alright. There is a third group of paper that beli eve that the embryo deserves respect as a human being, but it is acceptable to use them in research if it is justifiable with the consent from the couple donating the embryo (Caplan 156). The opposition of stem cell research is associated with the opposition to abortion by the pro-life movement. However, not all members are against this research.

New York City Project Part 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New York City Project Part 4 - Essay Example Similarly, the economic recovery of the city as reflected by the improved activities at Wall Street would enable the local government in attaining the projected revenue in the budget drawn (Hillman, 2009). Consequently, the ability of the New York City local government to deliver services to the population of the city is strong due to the availability of funds to finance the government operations. Indeed, the economic recovery within the city saw the revenue collection forecast for the fiscal year of 2012 exceeding by $2.4 billions that will be useful in closing the financial gap of 2013 financial year (Bloomberg, 2013). Similarly, the fiscal budget that has been prepared by the local government of New York City allows for future modification on the allocations that have been made to the different departments. This will help the city in avoiding the current shut down crisis that is facing the federal government organs currently. Furthermore, the reducing deficit projection in the bud get implies that the financial stability of the firm is strong in allowing the city to deliver it services to the public. This will boost the ability of the New York City local government in meeting it obligations and development objectives. The financial budget for New York for the year covering 2013 financial year has projected deficit of $1.6 billion that is a reduction of $0.4 billions of the previous year deficit projection of $2 billions. The city is projecting to collect revenue of $49.2 billions from the tax and levy fees it charges to business operating in the area against an expenses projection of $50.8 billions for the financial year 2012-2013. Consequently, the municipal government of New York City has come up with a plan of issuing a municipal bond to finance it core development projects for the 2013 financial year. This will help the municipal government of New York City in closing the deficit gap. Similarly, the revenue collection that exceeded the financial forecast of 2012 has been cited as the remedy that will be utilize in closing the deficit gap that is expected in the financial year of 2013. Another strategic measure that has been cited by the local government cabinet in solving the projected deficit is contracting private firms to undertake a number of the government tasks on a long-term basis due to the improving economic environment that will enable the firm to earn high revenues to settle for the contract (Seidman, 2008). The outsourcing mechanism that has been adopted by the municipal government of New York City will help in the necessary services to the public even with the limited financial resources been projected in the budget. One of the measures that should be undertaken by the New York City municipal government to reduce the budget deficit it is facing is to downsize the number of workers (Anderson, 2011). The recurrent expenditure of the city government is biggest proportion in the budget allocation. This implies that the city government is facing unsustainable labor force that is straining it financial resources. Thus, the government should eliminate some traditional job classifications that have been overtaken by adoption of information and technology platform with the various department of the government (Titos, Makondo, & Nsingo, 2010). This will help the municipal government of New York City to reduce the current budget deficit it is facing. The trend of the New York City budget over the last five years