Louisa and Sissy: Fact Against Fancy in Hard Times

Louisa and Sissy: Fact against fancy in Hard Times. Two female characters in Hard Times, Louisa Gradgrind and Sissy Jupe could be considered contrastive by fate and there is moral fable in this contrast. It is significant that in last two paragraphs of the novel Dickens applies to motherhood as a sense of woman happiness. Daughter of main educator of Coketown, have got only the bitter questionnaire: â€Å"Herself again a wife – a mother – lovingly watchful of her children, ever careful that they should have a childhood of the mind no less than a childhood of the body, as knowing it to be even a more beautiful thing, and a possession, any hoarded scrap of which, is a blessing and happiness to the wisest? Did Louisa see this? Such a thing was never to be. †(Chapter 9, Final, p. 274) But Sissy, â€Å"Girl number twenty† (Chapter 1,p. ) in Gradgrind list, was granted with love and motherhood in return for her human virtue: â€Å" But, happy Sissy's happy children loving her; all children loving her; she, grown learned in childish lore; thinking no innocent and pretty fancy ever to be despised; trying hard to know her humbler fellow-creatures, and to beautify their lives of machinery and reality with those imaginative graces and delights,†¦ or fancy dress, or fancy fair; b ut simply as a duty to be done, – did Louisa see these things of herself? These things were to be. † (Chapter 9, Final, p. 274) What is the major difference between two of them and why author gives credits to simple-minded Sissy, and left sorrows for educated Louisa? The reader can understand, that Gradgrind was disappointed with Sissy from the very beginning. He didn’t like the fact, that her father works in the circus. Fun and imagination were beyond Gradgrind’s acceptation. Sissy failed with factual definition of the horse in the very beginning of the novel and becomes a loser in his eyes. But his own daughter, Louisa, has to struggle with inner conflict:†fire with nothing to burn†(Ch. 3) Her imagination was suppressed up to degree of starving under the pressure of that utilitarian educational virtue of â€Å"fact†. Trying to see a circus she and her brother Tom peep though the loophole. Being asked about, she simply answered: ‘Wanted to see what it was like† (Ch. 8). Somehow she neglected her father’s slogan: †Louisa, never wonder! †(Ch. 8) In the article Charles Dickens, Hard times: for these times Chris Bilton says: â€Å"The only escape from this relentless grind of alculation and rationality is the horse-riding circus, glimpsed tantalisingly by Gradgrind’s children through a hole in the tent. Here is food for the ‘idle imagination’ and ‘fancy’ their father denies them† Louisa and her brother are deemed to have the best, as their father is a very knowledgeable man and they are â€Å"model children† in â€Å"model house†, but â€Å" starved imagination keeping life in itself somehow, which brightened it’s expression†. Dickens is depicturing that Louisa knows so many facts, but has not much to imagine. This â€Å" metallurgical Louisa† used to look out the window at the factory chimneys and observe: â€Å"There seems to be nothing there but languid and monotonous smoke. Yet when the night comes, Fire bursts out. † She can only state a fact about her surroundings. Dickens shows how forced education in a militant style can hurt a developing mind more than help it. Attentive reader can recognize intonation of reproach in her timid speech: â€Å"You have been so careful of me, that I never had a child's dream. You have dealt so wisely with me, father, from my cradle to this hour, that I never had a child's belief or a child's fear† . But the most dramatic moment happened in the very end of Book The Second, then mental breakdown happened to Louisa and Gradgrind â€Å"laid her down there, and sow the pride of his heart and the triumph of his system, lying, an insensible heap, at his feet† (p. 204) Sissy Jupe in other hand, also was treated by Gradgrind’s system. But she was a daughter of the circus clown, and spent early childhood in lively atmosphere, surrounded by emotional people, who taught her other things, then facts: In the article â€Å"Taking Dickens to task:Hard Times once more† Malkolm Pittok states: † For the circus has as its raison d'etre the development of ‘useless' and ‘unproductive'acrobatic skills, the dramatic enactment of highly coloured fictions, and a mode of fanciful, and fancifully advertised, play. In direct contrast to the selfish individualism promoted by Gradgrindism, its members show a generous solidarity and human directness of response. †(p. 116) Gradgrid was trying to influence this foil with his utilitarian approach, but he failed. She depictured as emotional girl from the very beginning: â€Å"Sissy Jupe, Sir†, explained number twenty, blushing†¦(Ch 2, p 8) Sissy began living with the Gradgrind family, and indirectly helped them to understand, that something in their life was missed. Love and care were unknown virtues in this family. â€Å"Only Sissy Jupe, the finest flower of the ircus way of life, has influence where it matters and becomes a beacon of effective light and goodness – a model for all of us to aspire to†, says Pittock. Louisa and Sissy have significant dialog in the Book The Third, Chapter 1. Louisa begging for her friendship: â€Å"Forgive me, pity me, help me! Have compassion on my great need, and let me lay this head o f mine upon a loving heart! †(p. 210) So the â€Å"poor girl† becomes the only â€Å"loving heart† for Gradgrind’s family. She took care of Mrs. Gradgrind and after he death becomes a mother to younger children of this family. So it is right time to conclude, that fancy wins the fact as far as Sissy granted with female happiness in the very end of Hard Tines and educated Louisa went through mental suffer and appeared childless. To state, that motherhood is the only virtue of female life is not right, but there not too much left for woman, if she never ever experienced the happiness of motherhood. Works Cited: Bilton, Chris Charles Dickens, Hard times: for these times. International Journal of Cultural Policy Vol. 16, No. 1, February 2010, 15–16 Web 03 Nov 2011 Dickens, Charles. Hard Times. Oxford University Press, New York, 2008. Print.

Experiment on polytropic process Essay

Polytropic Expansion of Air Object The object of this experiment is to find the relation between pressure and volume for the expansion of air in a pressure vessel – this expansion is a thermodynamic process. Introduction The expansion or compression of a gas can be described by the polytropic relation , where p is pressure, v is specific volume, c is a constant and the exponent n depends on the thermodynamic process. In our experiment compressed air in a steel pressure vessel is discharged to the atmosphere while the air remaining inside expands. Temperature and pressure measurements of the air inside the vessel are recorded. These two measurements are used to produce the polytropic exponent n for the expansion process. Historical background Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) [1] in his 1824 â€Å"Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat and on Machines Fitted to Develop This Power,† examines a reciprocating, piston-in-cylinder engine. Carnot describes a cycle applied to the machine appearing in Figure 5.1, which contains his original sketch. In this figure air is contained in the chamber formed by the piston cd in the cylinder. Two heat reservoirs A and B, with temperature greater than temperature , are available to make contact with cylinder head ab. The reservoirs A and B maintain their respective temperatures during heat transfer to or from the cylinder head. Carnot gives the following six steps for his machine: 1.The piston is initially at cd when high-temperature reservoir A is brought into contact with the cylinder head ab. 2.There is isothermal expansion to ef 3.Reservoir A is removed and the piston continues to gh and so cools to . 4.Reservoir B makes contact causing isothermal compression from gh to cd. 5.Reservoir B is removed but continual compression from cd to ik causes the temperature to rise to . 6.Reservoir A makes contact, isothermally expanding the air to cd and thus completing the cycle. A decade later Clapeyron [2] analyzed Carnot’s cycle by introducing a pressure-volume, p-v diagram. Clapeyron’s diagram is reproduced next to Carnot’s engine in Figure 5.1. Claperon labels his axes y and x, which correspond to pressure and volume, respectively. We will examine two process paths in this diagram: the isothermal compression path F-K and the isothermal expansion path C-E. Since both of these processes are isothermal, pv = RT = constant. This is a special case of the polytropic process , where, for the isothermal process, n = 1, so we have the same result, pv = c. Figure 5.1 Left sketch: Carnot’s engine, after Carnot [1]. Right sketch: Clapeyron’s pressure-volume, p-v diagram, after Clapeyron [2]. For the axes in Clapeyron’s diagram x = v and y = p. The Experiments Photographs of the equipment appear in Figures 5.2 and 5.3, and a sketch of the components appears in Figure 5.4. steel pressure vessel discharge valves thermocouple conduit pressure transducer Figure 5.2 The polytropic expansion experiment at Cal Poly. thermocouples thermocouple conduit Figure 5.3 Two, Type-T thermocouples are located inside the pressure vessel, at the geometric center. Only one thermocouple is used – the other is a spare. In the photo the thermocouple conduit has been removed and held outside of the vessel. The junctions of these thermocouples are constructed of extremely fine wires (0.0254mm diameter) that provide a fast time response. Figure 5.4 The polytropic expansion experiment equipment. Pressure measurements come from the pressure transducer tapped in to the pressure vessel shown in Figure 5.4. The transducer is powered by the unit labeled â€Å"CD23†, which is a Validyne [3] carrier demodulator. The fine wire thermocouple is described in the Figure 5.3 caption. Both thermocouple and pressure signals feed into an Omega [4] flatbed recorder. The three discharge valves on the right side of the vessel have small, medium, and large orifices. These orifices allow the air inside the vessel expand at three different rates. The pressure vessel is first charged with the compressed air supply. This causes the air that enters the vessel to initially rise in temperature. After a few minutes the temperature reaches equilibrium at which time one of the discharge valves is opened. Temperature and pressure are recorded for each expansion process. These data are then used to compute the polytropic exponent n for each process. It is important to note that the temperature and pressure of the air inside the vessel are measured, not the air discharging from the vessel. Data Pressure and temperature data, for the three runs, are provided in the EXCEL file â€Å"Experiment 5 Data.xls.† Analysis In many cases the process path for a gas expanding or contracting follows the relationship (5.1) The polytropic exponent n can theoretically range from . However, Wark [5] reports that the relation is especially useful when . For the following simple processes the n values are: isobaric process (constant pressure)n = 0 isothermal process (constant temperature)n = 1 isentropic process (constant entropy)n = k ( k=1.4 for air) isochoric process (constant volume)n = ï‚ ¥ In our experiment the steel pressure vessel is initially charged with compressed air of mass . Next, the vessel is discharged and the remaining air mass is . This final mass was part of the initial mass and occupied part of the volume of the vessel at the initial state. Thus expanded within the vessel with a corresponding change in temperature and pressure. Therefore mass can be considered a closed system with a moving system boundary and the following form of the first law of thermodynamics applies (5.2) If the system undergoes an adiabatic expansion , and if the work at the moving system boundary is reversible. Furthermore, if we consider the air to be an ideal gas with constant specific heat. With these considerations the first law reduces to (5.3) Using the ideal gas assumption and differentiating this equation gives (5.4) Substituting Equation 5.4 into 5.3 and using the relationships and gives Separating variables and integrating this equation, , yields (5.5) which is a special case of the polytropic relationship given by Equation 5.1, with n = k. It is important to note that in the development of Equation 5.5 the expansion of inside the pressure vessel was assumed to be reversible and adiabatic, i.e. an isentropic expansion. In our experiment the adiabatic assumption is accurate during initial discharge. However, the reversible assumption is clearly not applicable because the air expands irreversibly from high pressure to low pressure. Therefore we anticipate our data to yield . Two approaches are used to determined the polytropic exponent n from the data: 1. Equation 5.1 can be written as , which is a power law equation. In EXCEL, a plot of p versus v and a power law curve fit using TRENDLINE will disclose n. 2. Equation 5.6 (subsequently developed) may be used with only two states to determine n. Here is the outline of the development of Equation 5.6. We start with , which also can be expressed as and combine this with the ideal gas law to obtain (5.6) The temperatures and pressures in Equation 5.6 are all absolute and the subscripts 1 and 2 represent the initial and final states. Required 1. Pressure and temperature data are provided for all three runs in â€Å"Experiment 5 Data.xls.† Use the ideal gas law, pv = RT, to compute v corresponding to each p. Use SI units: m3/kg for v and Pa for p. 2. Plot p versus v and find n: For each run, on a separate graph, plot p [on the ordinate (vertical) axis] versus v [on the abscissa (horizontal) axis]. Use linear scales. Determine the polytropic exponent n for each run using a TRENDLINE power curve fit. Also find the correlation coefficient for each curve. (Be aware that the TRENDLINE power curve fit will give , where y = p, x = v and a and b are constants.) Plot all three runs on a single graph and find n for the combined data. 3. Derive Equation 5.6. 4. Find n for each run using Equation 5.6, where states 1 and 2 represent the beginning and ending states, respectively. 5. In a single table show all of the n values. 6. Discuss the meaning of your n values, that is, how does your n value compare with n values for other, known processes? Nomenclature c constant, N m specific heat constant pressure, kJ/kg K specific heat constant volume, kJ/kg K k specific heat ratio, dimensionless n polytropic exponent, dimensionless p absolute pressure, Pa or psia Q heat transfer, kJ R gas constant, kJ/kg K (Rair = 0.287 kJ/kg ·K) T temperature,  °C or K U internal energy, kJ v specific volume, m3/kg V volume m3 W work, kJ Subscripts 1,2 thermodynamic states References 1. Carnot, S., â€Å"Rà ©flexions sur la puissance motive du feu et sur les machines propres à   dà ©velopper cette puissance,† Paris, 1824. Reprints in Paris: 1878, 1912, 1953. English translation by R. H. Thurston, â€Å"Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat and on Machines Fitted to Develop This Power,† ASME, New York, 1943. 2. Clapeyron, E., â€Å"Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat,† Journal de l’École Polytechnic, Vol. 14, 1834; translation in E. Mendoza (Ed.) â€Å"Reflections on the motive Power of Fire and Other Papers,† Dover, New York, 1960. 3. Validyne Engineering Sales Corp., 8626 Wilbur Avenue, Northridge, CA. 91324 http://www.validyne.com/ 4. OMEGA Engineering, INC., One Omega Drive, Stamford, Connecticut 06907-0047 http://www.omega.com/ 5. Wark, K. Jr. & D.E. Richards, Thermodynamics, 6th Ed, WCB McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1999.  © 2005 by Ronald S. Mullisen Physical Experiments in Thermodynamics Experiment 5

The Snows of Kilimanjaro -Analysis - 1375 Words

The Snows of Kilimanjaro The story opens with a paragraph about Mt. Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, which is also called the â€Å"House of God.† There is, we are told, the frozen carcass of a leopard near the summit. No one knows why it is there. Then we are introduced to Harry, a writer dying of gangrene, and his rich wifeHelen, who are on safari in Africa. Harry’s situation makes him irritable, and he speaks about his own death in a matter-of-fact way that upsets his wife, predicting that a rescue plane will never come. He quarrels with her over everything, from whether he should drink a whiskey-and-soda to whether she should read to him. Helen is obviously concerned for his welfare, but self-pity and frustration make him†¦show more content†¦As Helen returns to drink cocktails with Harry, they make up their quarrel. Harry’s second memory sequence then begins, and he recalls how he once patronized a series of prostitutes in Constantinople while pining for a woman in New York. Specifically, he had a fight with a British soldier over an Armenian prostitute and then left Constantinople for Anatolia, where he ran from an army of Turkish soldiers. Later, he recalls that he returned to Paris and to his then-wife. Helen and Harry eat dinner, and then Harry has another memory, this time of how his grandfather’s log house burned down. He then relates how he fished in the Black Forest and how he lived in a poor quarter of Paris and felt a kinship with his neighbors because they were poor. Next, he remembers a ranch and a boy he turned in to the authorities after the boy protected Harry’s horse feed by shooting a thief. Next, he remembers an officer named Williamson who was hit by a bomb and to whom Harry subsequently fed all his morphine tablets. As Harry lies on his cot remembering, he feels the presence of death and associates it with a hyena that is running around the edge of the campsite. Presently, Helen has Harry’s cot moved into the tent for the night, and just as she does, he feels death lying on his chest and is unable to speak. Harry dreams that it is the next morning and that a man called Compton has come with a plane to rescue him. He is lifted onto the plane and watchesShow MoreRelatedThe Snows Of Kilimanjaro Analysis1234 Words   |  5 PagesOsifowode Professor Linda Daigle English 2328 July 19, 2017 Hemingway – The Snows of Kilimanjaro Among the key elements in any play, character development and themes remain crucial since they help in understanding the setting and the play in general. In most cases, these elements are hidden so that a deeper meaning can be obtained from a scene when trying to pass the message across. 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A Society Without Drugs - 1263 Words

A Society without Drugs Have you ever wondered of how wonderful our society would be, if we are able to get rid of Illegal Drug Usage in our community? Despite having tough anti-drug laws, the U.S. has the highest level of illegal drug use in the world. As per the World Health Organization s survey of legal and illegal drug use in 17 countries, U.S report the highest level of drug usage (CBS news). The second-most abused category of drugs after marijuana among young people is the usage of prescription drugs (CBS news). Prescription drug abuse is the Nation s fastest-growing drug problem, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified prescription drug abuse as an epidemic. Misuse of prescription drugs is seen mostly†¦show more content†¦However, translating that concept into actionable objectives and measurable results is a difficult task. While Progress has been made, we have more to be done. It will take more than just money, prisons, cops, treatment centers and learning progra ms to curb the illicit drug usage from our society. The people are the main problem and it will take the people who know the relationship between drugs and crime to care enough to do something about it. It will take people who care enough to say no to drugs. We must act now to prevent a future drug epidemic. Working together, we can succeed. Let us all come together in creating a path to a healthier and stronger nation. The first step in tackling the problem of Illicit Drug usage and prescription drug abuse is to educate parents, youth, and patients about the dangers of usage of illegal drugs. We know that prevention works. Community programs have been effective in encouraging prevention at the local level and parents can serve as positive role models by talking with their children about the dangers of drug use. Through effective prevention programs we can decrease emergency room visits, and lower rates of chronic disease, improve student achievement, and enhance workforce readiness. Let us all join as one community and get involved today and talk with our kids, students, athletes about the benefits of avoiding drugs and alcohol; eliminating unused orShow MoreRelatedThere Is Hope for the Drug Addicted932 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. It is considered a brain disease because drugs change the brain; they change its structure and how it works. These brain changes can be long lasting and can lead to many harmful, often self-destructive, behaviors† (NIH, WEB). 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World War I And Great War - 1447 Words

World war one was one the biggest wars in recorded history. It lasted from 1914-1918 and was a brutal conflict in Canadian history. More than 60,000 Canadians died in this war. When the First World War began in the year of 1914, some believe that it would last for a long time. Many young individuals in Canada and others saw this war as a privilege to travel, adventure, and great beauty. Some individuals were afraid that the conflict would be over before they could get into the battle. Many people signed up dreaming that they would have the honour of fighting for the British Empire, to which Canada belonged. The somewhat â€Å"Great War† was different in the dreamy vision than it was in reality. This war took the lives of more than 8 million†¦show more content†¦Some of the causes of world war one are imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and alliances. Imperialism is when one country rules over another through establishment of colonies. Imperialism resulted from Indus trialization, which was needed for raw goods and markets for manufactured goods. The countries fought with each other over colonies. Militarism was used for building a strong military and in order for that country to have its interests dominate the government. In the past, war was seen as something that was acceptable to solve conflicts and enhance a country. Some examples of imperialism include: naval arms race between Great Britain and Germany. Nationalism is a strong feeling of loyalty and protection of culture and need of ethnic group to have a country that is their own. Alliances are countries that form cooperative groups in order to protect everyone’s interests. However, the most significant cause of world war one was industrialization, which had fueled imperialism, and Nationalism. Together they both caused three factors that led to war: German unification, territorial rivalries, and economic competition. The Great powers were prepared to participate in the war because in the 15th century, some European nations were expanding their territory forcefully. Countries that were powerful used imperialism by creating colonies all over the world in order to create empires. They used the land and resources of the nations that were weak and controlled by the great

Hearts of Darkness Post Colonialism Essay Example For Students

Hearts of Darkness: Post Colonialism Essay The cultural relativism (Which basically says that right and wrong are culture-specific) was a strong sensibility during the nineteenth century which is why it was addressed in this story. Modern readers of Hearts of Darkness may find the racial slurs used throughout the story to be offensive. However, in the nineteenth century things were different. For example, the word Niger was just a variation on the pronunciation of the word negro which is the Latin for black. Conrad was probably not aware that it would eventually become a derogatory term. In some ways, Hearts of Darkness sis blistering critique tot colonialism. The story takes place at a time when it was pretty evident that colonialism was not functioning as it should. On the surface it looked like it was the height of the empire when it reality colonialism in Africa was not thriving. Conrad portrays British imperialism through Marrow, who is glad to see the vast amount of red on the Companys map; which represents British territory, Marrow is grateful that the real work is done there; meaning salvation, religion, culture and commerce Conrad takes advantage of his position and the position f the colony. He portrays the reality of colonialism of the District Manager, a real imperialist. Marrow finds that the fact that the manager is never ill is his only positive quality. Marrow basically puts Kurt on a mental pedestal because he is essentially the one bringing civilization. He brings civilization through Imperialism and to the savages. However, he still managed to reap more reward, in the shape Of ivory. Marrows opinion of Imperialism is altered several times based on his experiences with witnessing the lengths the Imperialists would go for profit. When Marrow meets Kurt he realizes that Kurt himself has been conquered by the darkness and this changes his opinion regarding Imperialism. The roles of Quartzs fiance and his African mistress are significant characters in the story. The Europeans dont realize that Kurt lives a life of sin and consider him to be pure which contrasts with Marrows knowledge of his corruption. Conrad builds Quartzs hence up to symbolize the lack of presence of the British from the events in Africa, She is distraught about Quartzs death and ponders what might have been, had Kurt not died. Quartzs mistress does not appear to be grief-stricken, but is not happy as she is the only native still standing after Marrow sounded the steamers whistle. Quartzs fiancà ©s claimed she knew him best, but this was just an illusion as she was not aware of the sinful life he lived. The memory she has of Kurt is a lie: since Marrow did not tell her the truth. The women in Hearts of Darkness have two sets of characteristics. R-iris, they have the accepted Victorian values and then they have the post-colonial values. The Victorian reading would portray Curtis fiance as feminine, beautiful, saintly ND mourns Kurt for a long time. The innocence her character displays would suggest her purity. She would have represented civilization. On the hand, Quartzs mistress would be portrayed as masculine, savage and very careless of the fact that her loved one was leaving. His African mistress would have symbolized the savage unknown that was Africa. The post-colonial reading would show Quartzs fiance as a foolish woman who was mourning a man she barely knew. Her innocence would suggest how naive she really was and her faith was based upon a lie. His mistress would be depicted as erotic who lives independently after Quartzs passing. She would have represented the fact that Africa did not need Britains salvation which was very contrary to the British belief, Concords view of African culture as other was based on the tact that British imperialism very present during the nineteenth century. .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 , .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .postImageUrl , .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 , .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75:hover , .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75:visited , .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75:active { border:0!important; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75:active , .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75 .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1805c82da0a7edb2775125f3089fbe75:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conservation Of Water In The Tucson Water Basin EssaySomeone from Africa would probably not appreciate Concords portrayal of Africa as being other or insignificant especially when compared to Britain, Concords Hearts of Darkness is very representative of what was significant to those in the nineteenth entry including colonialism and imperialism It was essentially a good story for the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries based on the fact that certain topics that were once unheard of in the nineteenth century may be considered in the twentieth century.

Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe can be viewed as a classical example of the eighteenth century novel because of the themes that the author explores and the form that this literary work takes. In particular, one can argue that Daniel Defoe explores such issues as individualism and the role of Protestantism in the life of a person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Robinson Crusoe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the writer prefers realistic description of the main character. Moreover, this novel is presented in the form of autobiography which is also a characteristic of the eighteenth century literature. Furthermore, one can say that this book is a powerful story of a person who is forced to display his best qualities in order to survive. First, it should be mention that this novel emphasizes the importance of individualism and self-sufficiency of a person. At the beginning, the protagonist dreads the idea of being com pletely isolated from the rest of the world. However, later he is able to reconcile himself with this thought. He says, â€Å"it was possible I might be more happy in this solitary condition than I should have been in a liberty of society, and in all the pleasures of the world† (Defoe 20). To a great extent, this situation gives him an opportunity to discover some of his best qualities. Moreover, this work throws light on several principles of Protestantism. First of all, one should mention that this movement rejects the idea of luxury and sensuality. In turn, Robinson Crusoe also mentions the things that he does not need, namely, â€Å"pride, ambition, avarice, and luxury† (Defoe 200). Moreover, labor is essential for the protagonist because it enables him to retain his humanity. To some degree, this is an example of Protestant work ethics. Furthermore, it is important to focus the way in which Daniel Defoe describes the events of the novel. One can say that he prefer s the tradition of realism which only began to emerge in the eighteenth century. For example, the author provides very detailed description of Crusoe’s attempts to sustain himself on the desolate island. In particular, the readers can see how difficult it is for the protagonist to construct a boat or grow food. In this way, the author wants to show that individualism is closely related to painstaking labor and hardships.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, much attention should be paid to the form of this novel. It has the elements of an autobiography as well as diary. Such literary technique was very widespread in the eighteenth century. Robinson Crusoe can be regarded as one of epistolary novels along with such works as Clarissa and Pamela written by Samuel Richardson (Spacks 107). This approach enables the writer to explore the inner world of the main character s. Yet, Robinson Crusoe differs from these novels, because unlike other authors, Daniel Defoe pays much more attention to the realistic description of the main events. These are the main aspects that can be identified. Although, Robinson Crusoe has the characteristics of a conventional eighteenth century novel, this works produces a power impression of the readers. By looking at a person, who is left to his own device, Defoe is able to create a powerful story of hardship and struggle. This novel explores such issues as individuality and religion and it shows how the values of the eighteenth century people were shaped. Overall, this novel provides a realistic description of a person’s struggle at the time of difficulty. Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe, London: Windmill Books, 2009. Print. Spacks, Patricia. Novel Beginnings: Experiments in Eighteenth-century English  Fiction, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Print. This essay on Robinson Crusoe was written and submitted by user Hayes Ramirez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.